The S&P500 Index is an abbreviation for the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, which is a stock index based in the United States. The index tracks the performance of the 500 largest publicly listed US companies (think Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Tesla) on a weighted average basis and is commonly used as the premier benchmark for US equity performance. The S&P 500 represents a wide cross section of the US share market, and as of January 2022, it's approximate market capitalisation of $40 trillion accounted for 80% of total market value.
There are 3 ways to gain exposure to the S&P 500 Index:
At Flexiblefxtrade, we offer a S&P500 CFD that can be traded on Metatrader 4, TraderEvolution or Tradingview.
The S&P 500 is compiled using the market capitalization weighting system, which implies that firms with larger market caps have a greater influence on the index. By way of example, in late 2021, the nine largest companies on the index accounted for 28.1% of the total index. Accordingly, an impact on the share price of a particular company can cause a flow on effect and move the value of the index.
Similarly, the performance of a particular sector can directly affect the value of the index. The breakdown of S&P sectors as of late 2021 were as follows:
IT: 27.9%, Health Care: 13%, Consumer Discretionary: 12.8%, Financials: 11.4%, Communication Services: 10.8%, Industrials: 8%, Consumer Staples: 5.6%, Energy: 2.9%, Real Estate: 2.6%, Materials: 2.5%, Utilities: 2.4%
As you can see, the index has a much higher proportion of Tech companies as it does Utilities, Materials. This means that a hit/boom to the tech sector would affect the overall value of the index far more significantly than a hit/boom in the latter sectors.
There are a multitude of reasons why a Trader would trade the S&P 500, some key reasons include the following:
A stock market index is a hypothetical portfolio of companies that aim to represent a specific segment of the market. For example, the S&P500 represents the 500 largest American companies by market capitalisation. When someone refers to 'the market' being up or down, they are often referring to an index rather than a particular stock.
Indexes can be divided into many different categories, from broad to very specialised, consider for example the NYSEPHARMA which only tracks Pharmaceutical companies in the US, or the ASX50 which tracks only the 50 largest market cap companies in Australia. Indexes can vary in size, composition, and popularity. They're a great tool that allows traders to get exposure to market segments without taking on the associated stock risk.
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